More Is Worse - Use fewer words - > Include fewer ideas - Make fewer requests Make It Readable - > Use shorter, more familiar words - › Use shorter sentences - > Use straightforward sentences that a reader can understand after a single read - Check readability (e.g., link) and aim for a Sth grade reading level or below when possible - Consider translating into commonly spoken languages (e.g. link) Make It Navigable - Make the purpose immediately clear - Integrate ideas so related content is together - > Visually separate distinct topics - Consider headings for distinct topics - Present ideas in an effective format (e.g., tables or figures if useful) Consider grouping all asks together Use Formatting Judiciously - Use formatting to draw attention to the most important items Remove formatting from information that is not critical Limit the number of formatting types in a single message Emphasize Value For Readers > Make it clear why readers should care Make Actions Easy Make next steps and action items clear and precise - If there are no next steps, state that explicitly - > Make next steps and action items as easy as possible to follow through on - Provide in one place all information needed to act - Reduce the number of steps and effort required to act - If requesting a meeting, consider proactively proposing a specific date,