2024-11-16 | Chapter Number | Chapter Title | Key Message Summary | |---------------|---------------|---------------------| | 1 | **The Gap Instinct** | People tend to divide the world into artificial gaps, missing the majority in the middle. Reality is more nuanced, with four income levels globally: 1) Basic survival (water collection, limited electricity) 2) Basic amenities (bicycle, $5000 income) 3) Middle class (motorcycle, plumbing, refrigeration) 4) Wealthy (car ownership, international travel, $35,000+ income). The top 10% holds 40% of income, not just the 0.1% media focuses on. | | 2 | **The Negativity Instinct** | Humans have a natural tendency to notice and remember negative events more than positive ones, leading to a skewed perception of reality that overemphasizes the bad while overlooking improvements and progress. | | 3 | **The Straight Line Instinct** | People incorrectly assume trends will continue linearly. Example: Global child population trends show how poverty reduction leads to improved healthcare, lower infant mortality, and eventually lower birth rates - demonstrating complex, non-linear relationships. | | 4 | **The Fear Instinct** | Fear can overwhelm rational thinking and block factual information from being processed. Illustrated through a Swedish pilot case where fear of blood and Russian language prevented clear thinking. When minds are full of fear, there's no room for facts. | | 5 | **The Size Instinct** | Tendency to overestimate sizes and magnitudes. Example: CO2 emissions blame on India/China without considering per capita rates or historical context. Numbers need multiple comparisons (yearly, per capita, historical) for proper context. | | 6 | **The Generalization Instinct** | People tend to make broad generalizations about people, countries, and cultures, missing important nuances and differences within groups. | | 7 | **The Destiny Instinct** | The belief that innate characteristics determine the fate of people, nations, religions, and cultures. This overlooks gradual social innovations and changes. Even small, slow changes accumulate into significant transformations. | | 8 | **The Single Perspective Instinct** | Danger in judging country development based on single metrics like democratization or birth rates. Need for multi-dimensional, comprehensive analysis. | | 9 | **The Blame Instinct** | Tendency to search for culprits rather than understand systemic causes. Example: Refugee boat seizure system needs critique, not individuals. Similar to how different countries named syphilis after other nations, showing blame-shifting tendency. | | 10 | **The Urgency Instinct** | Caution against using urgency to manipulate (e.g., Gore's climate change graphs). Rush decisions can lead to poor judgment. | ---- 2022 ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹๋‹ค ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ 1~10์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ˆ์‹œ 1. gap ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ•:ย  - ๋ฌผ๊ธท๋Š”๋ฐ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ „๊ธฐย  - ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๊ตฌ์ž…๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ์†Œ๋“ 5000, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ - ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด ๊ตฌ์ž…๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ์ˆ˜๋„์‹œ์„ค, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์™€ ์‹ ์„ ์š”๋ฆฌ - ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์ž…๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰, ์†Œ๋“ 3.5k์ด์ƒ ๋†’์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋†’์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผ ์ƒ์œ„10%๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์†Œ๋“ 40% (์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์ƒ์œ„ 0.1%๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ) -> ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ 1. negativity more notice of the bad than of the good 2. straight line ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์•„๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„(์ธ๊ตฌํญ๋ฐœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ : ๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต ์•„์ด๋“ค ํ›„์› -> ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „-> ์˜์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ €ํ•˜ -> ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜: ๋นŒ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์€ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ ํ–‰ + ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ˆ) 3. fear ์ €์ฒด์›์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ์Šค์›จ๋ด pilot (ํ”ผ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋ง) ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์ด ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ํ‹ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค 4. size ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ ค ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ co2๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์ „๊ฐ€ย  ์ˆซ์ž -> 1๋…„/10๋…„ ์ „?, 1์ธ๋‹น? -> ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์œจ ๋น„๊ต ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 5. generalization people and countries ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” 6. destiny ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™” ์šด๋ช… ๊ฒฐ์ • -> ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜์‹  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ. ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋А๋ฆฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์Œ“์ด๋ฉด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์šด๋ช…๋ณธ๋Šฅ ์–ต์ œ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”๋”˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ธ์ง€ 7. single perspectiveย  ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ž…์ฒด์ , ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•„์š” 8. blame ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์›์ธ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋น„๋‚œ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฐพ์Œ->๋‚œ๋ฏผ ํƒœ์šด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์••์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋น„๋‚œํ•ด์•ผ ๋งค๋…์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ (์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ณ‘, vice versa) ํฌ์ƒ์–‘์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ง๊ฒƒ 9. urgency ๊ณ ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋‹ค๊ธ‰๋ณธ๋Šฅ ์ž๊ทน ๋„ํ‘œ ๋ถ€ํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ๋ง๊ธฐ ํŒ์ •(2๊ฐœ์›”) ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ  ์ฑ… ์ง‘ํ•„ ์ง€์  ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋จ