### Final Grade & Feedback Q1: 15/15 Q2: 15/15 Q3: 15/15 Q4: 15/15 Q5: 10/10 Bonus: 0/10 [Only censoring mentioned, no distribution assumption] **Total: 70/80** Case Report: The Yedioth Group Group Squirrels Victor Dong, Yash Jain, Ayaka Tomono, Gursimran Rooprai August 1, 2025 Questions: 1. In the current distribution model, where each retailer is supplied once a week independently of all other retailers, what would be a good method to compute the quantity shipped to each retailer to guarantee that 99% of customers will be served? Apply your approach to compute recommended quantities to the 50 retailers (explain the methodology in the body of the report and provide the results in appendix). 2. If Yedioth could implement full pooling among all of the 50 retailers what would be the estimated benefit in terms of total production levels and returns if the required service level is 99%? (Note: Full pooling means that somehow all of the retailers could be supplied in-real-time from the same pool of inventory.) 3. Suppose that one could implement full pooling only among retailers that are treated by the same sales agent. What would be the potential benefit in terms of production levels and returns, assuming 99% service level. Compare to your #2 answer. 4. Propose more realistic processes/strategies that leverage the fact that the sales agent visits each retailer in the middle of the week. What would the benefit be of these processes/strategies? 5. What do you think are the organizational challenges that Assaf will have to address? Solutions: 1. In the existing distribution model, each retailer receives a single weekly shipment without real-time adjustments. For each retailer i, the optimal shipment quantity is calculated as: Q𝑖 = μ𝑖 + π‘˜ βˆ— σ𝑖 , where: β€’ ΞΌi is the average weekly demand at retailer i β€’ Οƒi is the standard deviation of weekly demand β€’ k = 2.33 is the z-score corresponding to a 99% service level We assumed the demand follows a normal distribution, sell-throughs are minimal and suppressed demand is minimized for the set of Questions. Using the actual data from the 50 retailers, we computed these parameters and found the total recommended supply to be: βˆ‘50 𝑖=1 Q 𝑖 = 419 In the current model, each retailer is planned independently using the Newsvendor formula to achieve a 99% service level. This means supplying the average weekly demand plus a safety buffer based on individual variability. Applied across 50 retailers, this approach results in a total of 419 magazines. While simple and reliable, it leads to high overstock and returns, as it does not take advantage of any risk pooling or demand aggregation. See Appendix (Table 1) for complete calculations. We expect that due to uncensored demand, the resulting Q value will be higher. 2. If Yedioth could serve all 50 retailers from a single shared inventory pool and replenish in real time, demand variability would decrease due to aggregation. The pooled demand statistics are: Group Squirrel 1 1 August 2025 50 ΞΌ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ = βˆ‘50 𝑖=1 μ𝑖 and Οƒ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ = (βˆ‘π‘–=1 σ𝑖 ) ^ 0.5 Q𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” = ΞΌ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ + π‘˜ βˆ— Οƒπ‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ , Q𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” = 252 To summarize, full pooling reduces the required weekly supply from 419 to 252 units, representing a decrease of 167 magazines or 39.9%. This significant drop demonstrates the efficiency gains from aggregating demand across all 50 retailers and managing safety stock centrally. By smoothing out individual demand fluctuations, Yedioth can maintain the same 99% service level with far less overproduction. In addition to lowering printing and distribution costs, this approach would dramatically reduce the volume of unsold returns. However, achieving such a model would demand real-time sales visibility, responsive logistics, and integrated coordination, capabilities that Yedioth’s current infrastructure does not support. As such, while full pooling offers the greatest potential for optimization, it remains a strategic objective rather than an immediate operational option. See Appendix (Table 2) for complete calculations. Without normalization to 50 retailers, applying the Newsvendor formula at the pooled level, the total production quantity drops to 237 units, achieving the same 99% service level with a 43% reduction in total supply compared to the independent model. See Appendix (Table 2*) for complete calculations. 3. If full pooling is impractical, partial pooling can be done by grouping retailers under each sales agent. We proceed by applying the same Newsvendor logic at the agent group level, aggregating demand and variability within each cluster. Each agent's group was treated as a mini-pooled unit, and recommended quantities were calculated per agent. The sum across all agents was: Qπ‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” = ΞΌπ‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ + 𝑧 βˆ— Οƒπ‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ and Qπ‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘›π‘” = 308 If full pooling across all retailers is not feasible, Yedioth can implement partial pooling by grouping retailers under each sales agent. In this model, demand is aggregated within each agent’s territory, allowing the use of a pooled safety stock buffer per group. We summed the average demands and combining variances within each group. When the recommended quantities for all agent groups are totaled, the required production drops to 308 magazines, compared to 419 in the independent model. This represents a reduction of 26.5%, offering a substantial improvement over the baseline, though not as efficient as full pooling, which requires only 252 units. Partial pooling thus strikes a practical balance between operational feasibility and inventory efficiency. See Appendix (Table 3) for complete calculations. Without normalization to 50 retailers, the resulting total required quantity was 293 units. See Appendix (Table 3*) for complete calculations. 4. Three strategies are proposed further: Proposal #A: Two-Stage Replenishment (Implemented) β€’ Initial delivery on Sunday (70% of forecasted demand, lower z-score). Mid-week replenishment on Wednesday, based on sales progress observed by the sales agent β€’ Quantities are computed with adjusted service levels to account for split risk (e.g., z = 1.04 for Sunday, z = 1.28 for Wednesday) Total weekly supply under this model was 266 units, achieving the same 99% service level with a 36.5% reduction from the current model. This model requires no daily sales data, is operationally simple, and leverages existing sales agent visits effectively. Group Squirrel 2 1 August 2025 Proposal #B: Rather than delivering the full weekly quantity on Sunday, the company can split deliveries into: β€’ First shipment on Sunday to cover early-week demand β€’ Second shipment on Wednesday, based on actual sales observed by the sales agent β€’ This approach reduces inventory risk by splitting the demand coverage into two parts, each with its own service level target. The key is to test and optimize the safety stock levels (z-scores) for both deliveries such that the combined weekly service level still reaches 99%, while minimizing total supply. Let: β€’ z1 be the z-score for the Sunday delivery (covering 70% of demand) β€’ z2 be the z-score for the Wednesday delivery (covering the remaining 30%) We aim to find z1 and z2 such that the combined service level is 99% and the total safety stock is minimized. The combined service level can be expressed as: 1βˆ’(1βˆ’Ξ¦(z1)) * (1βˆ’Ξ¦(z2)) = 0.99 We solved this equation and found the optimal combination that minimizes total Safety Stock = z1 * Οƒ1 + z2 * Οƒ2 Assuming demand splits as: β€’ Οƒ1 = 0.7 (first 70% of weekly standard deviation) β€’ Οƒ2 = 0.3 (last 30%) We found: β€’ z₁ = 0.50 β†’ service level β‰ˆ 69.1% β€’ zβ‚‚ = 1.85 β†’ service level β‰ˆ 96.8% The minimum total safety stock (normalized): 0.50β‹…0.7+1.85β‹…0.3 = 0.9039 To summarize, by adopting a two-stage replenishment strategy, Yedioth can significantly reduce overall inventory levels while still meeting the weekly 99% service target. Instead of delivering the full weekly quantity at once with a high safety buffer, the demand is divided into two parts. The first shipment covers early-week demand with a lower service level, while the second shipment adjusts based on actual sales observed mid-week. Through z-score optimization, we found that setting the first delivery to cover ~69% of likely demand and the second to cover about 97% of the remaining need achieves the same overall service level. This method shows that it is more efficient to share the service level requirement between two deliveries rather than applying a high buffer upfront (99% service level), ultimately reducing safety stock and improving inventory efficiency without sacrificing availability. Strategy #C: Predictive Replenishment Using First-Half Sales (Future Option) In a more advanced operational model, Yedioth could leverage sales data from the first half of the week (Sunday–Tuesday) to predict second-half demand (Wednesday–Saturday) using statistical modeling (e.g., linear regression). Model Concept: β€’ Weekly demand is split as: Weekly Sales=H1 Sales (Sun–Tue)+H2 Sales (Wed–Sat) β€’ Predictive model: H2=Ξ±+Ξ²β‹…H1+Ο΅ β€’ Replenishment on Wednesday is based on this forecast, adjusted with a safety factor to maintain the 99% service level. Key Requirement: Infrastructure Investment Implementing Proposal #C requires overcoming several systemic limitations in the current organization: Group Squirrel 3 1 August 2025 Challenge Lack of daily sales visibility Data collection lag Requirement Deployment of POS systems or mobile reporting tools at the retailer or sales agent level Near-real-time data transmission from retailers or agents Limited analytics Development of internal capabilities for forecasting capacity models and inventory algorithms While Proposal #C has the potential to deliver similar or even better efficiency than Proposal #A, it relies heavily on the accuracy of the predictive model and the timely availability of daily sales data. Therefore Proposal #C is not immediately implementable under the current system but represents a valuable long-term opportunity if paired with targeted investments in IT, analytics, and process digitization. 5. Organization challenges for implementation: Assaf will face several cross-functional and cultural challenges: Area Challenge Sales agents are currently rewarded for volume shipped. Incentives Moving to a returns-based or profit-based incentive model is essential. The industry is conservative; over-supplying to avoid Culture stockouts is ingrained. Shifting toward lean, data-driven distribution will face resistance. Proposal #C requires infrastructure to capture daily sales, Data & IT which does not currently exist. Investment in POS or mobile tools is needed. Collaboration across sales, logistics, IT, and planning teams Coordination must be strengthened for implementation to succeed. We recommend: β€’ Immediately implement Proposal #A (two-stage replenishment), as it is lowcost, impactful, and feasible with current systems. β€’ Preparing for Proposal #C by investing in data infrastructure, aligning incentives, and initiating pilot testing. β€’ Continuing to evaluate pooling opportunities within realistic operational units (e.g., by sales agent) to further optimize production and reduce returns. This phased strategy allows Yedioth to capture meaningful cost savings now while building the foundation for longer-term transformation. Group Squirrel 4 1 August 2025 Appendix: Table 1: Current distribution model Customer # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Group Squirrel Sales 4.27 5.45 1.61 1.80 3.09 3.61 3.93 14.43 4.73 3.17 4.00 4.07 2.24 2.46 4.56 6.52 4.78 1.86 5.85 3.25 2.78 4.20 5.14 1.57 8.74 3.15 2.16 6.65 1.94 8.00 4.80 2.59 3.67 2.22 3.95 2.67 3.61 3.40 3.04 9.07 SD 1.76 1.94 0.74 1.19 1.46 1.73 1.60 3.91 1.62 1.37 1.86 1.01 1.11 1.13 1.58 2.01 1.70 0.80 1.76 1.74 1.01 2.15 2.10 1.15 2.39 1.48 1.70 3.11 1.26 2.68 1.94 1.24 1.61 1.30 1.66 1.55 1.58 1.08 1.41 2.51 k 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 Q 9.00 10.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 8.00 8.00 24.00 9.00 7.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 9.00 4.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 10.00 11.00 5.00 15.00 7.00 7.00 14.00 5.00 15.00 10.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 7.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 15.00 5 1 August 2025 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Grand Total 3.70 3.74 3.07 3.38 1.48 6.35 5.51 1.43 2.93 4.00 1.47 2.09 1.47 0.92 0.94 1.92 2.03 1.07 1.27 1.22 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 8.00 9.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 11.00 11.00 4.00 6.00 7.00 419.00 Table 2: Pooled distribution model (Normalization to 50 retailers) Date 14/07/2008 21/07/2008 28/07/2008 11/08/2008 18/08/2008 25/08/2008 01/09/2008 15/09/2008 21/09/2008 27/10/2008 10/11/2008 17/11/2008 24/11/2008 08/12/2008 15/12/2008 22/12/2008 05/01/2009 12/01/2009 19/01/2009 26/01/2009 09/02/2009 16/02/2009 23/02/2009 09/03/2009 16/03/2009 20/04/2009 11/05/2009 18/05/2009 Group Squirrel Sales 4.05 3.40 4.12 4.07 3.91 3.51 4.17 4.67 4.15 3.77 3.83 4.13 3.77 3.77 4.19 4.00 4.33 3.75 4.10 3.94 3.96 4.83 4.31 4.29 3.44 4.00 4.47 4.52 Sales (Normalized) 203.00 171.00 206.00 204.00 196.00 176.00 209.00 234.00 208.00 189.00 192.00 207.00 189.00 189.00 210.00 200.00 217.00 188.00 206.00 197.00 198.00 242.00 216.00 215.00 172.00 200.00 224.00 227.00 6 1 August 2025 08/06/2009 15/06/2009 22/06/2009 29/06/2009 13/07/2009 20/07/2009 27/07/2009 10/08/2009 17/08/2009 24/08/2009 31/08/2009 12/10/2009 19/10/2009 26/10/2009 09/11/2009 16/11/2009 23/11/2009 30/11/2009 193.00 209.00 224.00 218.00 248.00 225.00 231.00 225.00 225.00 211.00 227.00 247.00 200.00 206.00 205.00 165.00 205.00 186.00 3.85 4.16 4.48 4.36 4.96 4.50 4.60 4.50 4.49 4.21 4.53 4.94 4.00 4.11 4.09 3.29 4.09 3.72 Mean SD k Q 207 19.18 2.33 251.56 Table 2*: Pooled distribution model (Without normalization to 50 retailers) Date 14/07/2008 21/07/2008 28/07/2008 11/08/2008 18/08/2008 25/08/2008 01/09/2008 15/09/2008 21/09/2008 27/10/2008 10/11/2008 17/11/2008 24/11/2008 08/12/2008 15/12/2008 22/12/2008 05/01/2009 Group Squirrel Sales 170 143 173 175 172 158 192 215 199 181 184 198 181 181 201 192 208 7 1 August 2025 12/01/2009 19/01/2009 26/01/2009 09/02/2009 16/02/2009 23/02/2009 09/03/2009 16/03/2009 20/04/2009 11/05/2009 18/05/2009 08/06/2009 15/06/2009 22/06/2009 29/06/2009 13/07/2009 20/07/2009 27/07/2009 10/08/2009 17/08/2009 24/08/2009 31/08/2009 12/10/2009 19/10/2009 26/10/2009 09/11/2009 16/11/2009 23/11/2009 30/11/2009 180 197 185 186 232 207 206 165 192 201 208 177 179 188 183 238 216 198 189 193 181 195 242 184 189 184 148 184 171 Mean SD k Q 189.59 19.99 2.33 237.00 Table 3: At the level of each Sales Agent (Normalization to 50 retailers) Date 14/07/2008 21/07/2008 28/07/2008 11/08/2008 18/08/2008 25/08/2008 Group Squirrel 1 21.25 18.75 25.00 20.00 30.00 25.00 2 13.75 12.50 12.50 16.25 16.25 7.50 3 13.00 15.00 13.00 11.00 13.00 10.00 4 22.50 17.50 15.00 25.00 15.00 16.25 8 5 26.25 23.75 32.50 35.00 27.50 22.50 6 33.75 30.00 35.00 23.00 19.00 26.00 7 13.75 8.75 12.50 16.25 13.75 10.00 8 20.00 15.00 18.75 15.00 18.75 16.25 9 30.00 20.00 30.00 28.00 26.00 24.00 1 August 2025 10 7.50 8.75 11.25 13.75 17.00 15.00 01/09/2008 15/09/2008 21/09/2008 27/10/2008 10/11/2008 17/11/2008 24/11/2008 08/12/2008 15/12/2008 22/12/2008 05/01/2009 12/01/2009 19/01/2009 26/01/2009 09/02/2009 16/02/2009 23/02/2009 09/03/2009 16/03/2009 20/04/2009 11/05/2009 18/05/2009 08/06/2009 15/06/2009 22/06/2009 29/06/2009 13/07/2009 20/07/2009 27/07/2009 10/08/2009 17/08/2009 24/08/2009 31/08/2009 12/10/2009 19/10/2009 26/10/2009 09/11/2009 16/11/2009 23/11/2009 30/11/2009 34.00 29.00 28.00 22.00 22.00 24.00 25.00 17.00 24.00 30.00 29.00 21.00 24.00 31.00 19.00 25.00 27.00 26.00 25.00 21.00 23.75 23.00 21.00 25.00 27.50 28.75 34.00 22.00 30.00 28.33 28.33 31.67 21.67 30.00 23.00 20.00 27.50 13.75 28.75 19.00 16.25 15.00 18.00 16.00 15.00 16.00 14.00 17.00 12.00 15.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 15.00 19.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 16.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 10.00 6.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 18.00 18.00 16.00 20.00 18.00 16.00 23.00 18.00 17.00 20.00 11.00 21.00 19.00 10.00 11.00 14.00 8.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 7.00 15.00 9.00 12.00 11.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 18.00 13.00 13.00 16.00 16.00 12.00 15.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 12.00 17.00 14.00 9.00 15.00 17.00 11.00 10.00 19.00 12.00 17.00 11.00 9.00 12.00 16.00 19.00 22.00 22.00 17.00 15.00 22.00 19.00 18.00 13.00 16.00 19.00 16.00 20.00 18.00 13.00 22.00 18.00 18.00 11.00 21.00 18.75 12.50 17.00 22.00 22.50 23.75 22.00 19.00 21.00 15.00 20.00 20.00 26.25 19.00 21.00 19.00 19.00 16.00 22.50 13.75 36.25 40.00 25.00 22.50 36.25 38.75 22.50 32.50 43.75 23.75 37.50 38.75 30.00 28.75 31.25 37.00 35.00 34.00 22.00 26.00 29.00 38.00 37.00 35.00 30.00 37.00 36.00 37.00 38.75 42.50 41.25 32.50 38.75 36.00 32.50 41.25 30.00 23.75 22.50 27.50 19.00 20.00 24.00 25.00 21.00 15.00 25.00 19.00 20.00 22.00 25.00 22.00 19.00 19.00 22.00 28.00 18.00 24.00 18.00 24.00 27.50 23.75 21.00 22.50 17.50 16.25 28.00 29.00 29.00 24.00 19.00 20.00 29.00 33.00 16.00 21.00 19.00 25.00 23.00 22.00 10.00 13.75 13.00 11.00 12.00 11.00 13.00 10.00 17.00 14.00 14.00 10.00 10.00 7.50 13.75 15.00 12.50 13.75 11.25 11.25 15.00 12.50 10.00 16.67 15.00 20.00 15.00 13.75 15.00 20.00 15.00 21.25 18.75 18.75 13.33 13.75 15.00 10.00 13.00 11.00 18.75 20.00 22.50 30.00 11.25 21.25 18.75 18.75 13.75 23.75 21.25 15.00 22.50 18.75 17.50 22.50 26.25 12.50 17.50 17.50 17.50 18.75 21.25 25.00 20.00 16.67 21.25 17.50 20.00 20.00 22.50 15.00 20.00 16.00 20.00 18.00 23.00 16.25 19.00 20.00 26.00 39.00 28.00 28.00 31.00 36.00 29.00 33.00 34.00 29.00 27.00 25.00 29.00 31.00 31.00 36.00 35.00 29.00 17.00 21.00 37.00 36.00 21.00 27.00 38.00 24.00 35.00 32.00 41.25 31.67 33.33 26.25 28.75 31.00 28.75 25.00 28.75 31.25 31.25 27.50 19.00 23.00 14.00 12.00 19.00 16.00 14.00 19.00 20.00 19.00 19.00 16.00 21.00 13.00 18.00 22.00 14.00 23.00 17.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 17.50 16.25 20.00 18.75 17.00 20.00 13.75 21.25 17.00 21.25 21.25 20.00 17.00 17.00 13.75 11.25 15.00 11.25 Mean SD k Q 25.00 4.51 2.33 36.00 16.30 3.55 2.33 25.00 12.80 2.80 2.33 20.00 18.70 3.44 2.33 27.00 32.51 6.28 2.33 48.00 23.07 4.74 2.33 35.00 13.51 3.07 2.33 21.00 19.16 3.53 2.33 28.00 29.71 5.10 2.33 42.00 16.90 3.67 2.33 26.00 Group Squirrel 9 1 August 2025 Total Q = 308 Table 3*: At the level of each Sales Agent (Without normalization to 50 retailers) Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 14/07/2008 17 11 13 18 21 27 11 16 30 6 21/07/2008 15 10 15 14 19 24 7 12 20 7 28/07/2008 20 10 13 12 26 28 10 15 30 9 11/08/2008 16 13 11 20 28 23 13 12 28 11 18/08/2008 24 13 13 12 22 19 11 15 26 17 25/08/2008 25 6 10 13 18 26 8 13 24 15 01/09/2008 34 13 10 19 29 19 8 15 26 19 15/09/2008 29 12 11 22 32 20 11 16 39 23 21/09/2008 28 18 14 22 20 24 13 18 28 14 27/10/2008 22 16 8 17 18 25 11 24 28 12 10/11/2008 22 15 11 15 29 21 12 9 31 19 17/11/2008 24 16 10 22 31 15 11 17 36 16 24/11/2008 25 14 9 19 18 25 13 15 29 14 08/12/2008 17 17 7 18 26 19 10 15 33 19 15/12/2008 24 12 15 13 35 20 17 11 34 20 22/12/2008 30 15 9 16 19 22 14 19 29 19 05/01/2009 29 16 12 19 30 25 14 17 27 19 12/01/2009 21 16 11 16 31 22 10 12 25 16 19/01/2009 24 16 16 20 24 19 10 18 29 21 26/01/2009 31 15 14 18 23 19 6 15 31 13 09/02/2009 19 19 14 13 25 22 11 14 31 18 16/02/2009 25 14 18 22 37 28 12 18 36 22 23/02/2009 27 16 13 18 35 18 10 21 35 14 09/03/2009 26 18 13 18 34 24 11 10 29 23 16/03/2009 25 16 16 11 22 18 9 14 17 17 20/04/2009 21 21 16 21 26 24 9 14 21 19 11/05/2009 19 22 12 15 29 22 12 14 37 19 18/05/2009 23 23 15 10 38 19 10 15 36 19 08/06/2009 21 10 13 17 37 21 6 17 21 14 15/06/2009 20 6 13 22 35 18 10 15 27 13 22/06/2009 22 16 13 18 30 14 9 12 38 16 29/06/2009 23 18 12 19 37 13 12 10 24 15 13/07/2009 34 20 17 22 36 28 12 17 35 17 20/07/2009 22 18 14 19 37 29 11 14 32 20 27/07/2009 18 18 9 21 31 29 12 16 33 11 10/08/2009 17 16 15 15 34 24 16 16 19 17 17/08/2009 17 20 17 20 33 19 12 18 20 17 24/08/2009 19 18 11 20 26 20 17 12 21 17 31/08/2009 13 16 10 21 31 29 15 20 23 17 Group Squirrel 10 1 August 2025 12/10/2009 19/10/2009 26/10/2009 09/11/2009 16/11/2009 23/11/2009 30/11/2009 Mean SD k Q 30 23 16 22 11 23 19 23 18 17 20 11 21 19 19 12 17 11 9 12 16 19 21 19 19 16 18 11 36 26 33 24 19 18 22 33 16 21 19 25 23 22 15 8 11 12 10 13 11 16 20 18 23 13 19 20 31 23 20 23 25 25 22 20 17 17 11 9 12 9 22.43 5.18 2.33 35.00 15.83 3.96 2.33 26.00 12.80 2.80 2.33 20.00 17.61 3.38 2.33 26.00 28.04 6.38 2.33 43.00 22.17 4.32 2.33 33.00 11.22 2.50 2.33 18.00 15.65 3.31 2.33 24.00 27.98 5.70 2.33 42.00 15.85 4.11 2.33 26.00 Total Q = 293 Group Squirrel 11 1 August 2025