| - | action | time to complete | | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------- | | in-house | write paper right away | months | | bid given customer demand specification | publicize as important but difficult (Hilbert's 23 problem), find intern | 3 years, may fail | | bid given engineering specification | find phd student, grant proposal, hire long term experts | 1-2 years | | bid given process specification | hire short term experts | months | ![[gelman(buy_make).png]]